Uterine fibroids are a common women’s health condition that affects millions of women throughout their reproductive years. While fibroids are non-cancerous, they can cause uncomfortable and sometimes life-disrupting symptoms. Understanding what uterine fibroids are, why they develop, and how they’re treated can help women make informed decisions about their care.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are benign growths that develop within the muscular wall of the uterus. They can vary widely in size, number, and location. Some women may have fibroids without ever noticing symptoms, while others experience significant discomfort or complications.
Fibroids are extremely common, affecting up to 80% of women by age 50. Although they are not life-threatening, untreated fibroids may grow over time and lead to worsening symptoms.
What Causes Uterine Fibroids?
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is still unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development:
Hormonal Imbalances
Estrogen and progesterone play a key role in fibroid growth. Fibroids tend to grow during reproductive years when hormone levels are higher and often shrink after menopause.
Genetics
Women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to develop them, suggesting a genetic component.
Because these factors are largely outside of personal control, fibroids can develop even in women who maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Who Is at Risk for Uterine Fibroids?
Certain factors may increase a woman’s risk of developing fibroids, including:
- Age: Most commonly diagnosed between ages 30 and 50
- Weight: Obesity is associated with a higher risk
- Ethnicity: African-American women experience fibroids more frequently and often more severely
- Diet: High red meat consumption may increase risk, while fruits and leafy greens may be protective
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Symptoms depend on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Common symptoms include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Chronic pelvic pain or pressure
- Bloating or abdominal fullness
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Pain during intercourse
- Lower back pain
- Fertility challenges or pregnancy complications
Many women initially mistake fibroid symptoms for normal menstrual discomfort, which can delay diagnosis.
Types of Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are classified based on where they develop in the uterus:
- Intramural Fibroids: Grow within the uterine wall (most common)
- Subserosal Fibroids: Develop on the outer surface of the uterus
- Submucosal Fibroids: Grow just beneath the uterine lining and may affect the uterine cavity
- Pedunculated Fibroids: Attach to the uterus by a stem-like structure
The type and location of fibroids often influence symptoms and treatment recommendations.
How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are frequently discovered during a routine gynecological exam. If fibroids are suspected, imaging studies such as ultrasound or pelvic MRI are typically used to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate fibroid size, number, and location. Regular annual exams, as recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), play an important role in early detection.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
Treatment for fibroids focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. The best approach depends on symptom severity, fibroid characteristics, and a woman’s reproductive goals.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
Many women can manage fibroids without surgery. Common non-surgical options include:
- Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)
- Hormone therapy or birth control pills
- Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
- Heating pads, warm baths, or lifestyle modifications
Surgical Treatment Options
In some cases, surgery may be recommended:
- Myomectomy: Removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus
- Hysterectomy: Partial or complete removal of the uterus
What Is Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)?
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure used to shrink fibroids and relieve symptoms. During UFE, tiny particles are injected into the arteries supplying blood to the fibroids, cutting off their blood flow. Without blood supply, fibroids gradually shrink and symptoms improve.
UFE is considered a global treatment, meaning it targets all fibroids regardless of their size or location. It is often recommended for women who want to avoid surgery or preserve their uterus.
Benefits of UFE
- No surgical incisions or scarring
- No general anesthesia
- No hospital stay
- Short recovery time (typically 2–7 days)
- Preserves fertility potential
- Effective long-term symptom relief
Studies show that up to 90% of women do not require additional surgery after UFE.
When Should You Seek Help?
If you’re experiencing heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, bloating, or fertility concerns, it’s important to seek medical evaluation. Fibroids can be managed effectively, especially when diagnosed early. You don’t have to live with ongoing discomfort or feel pressured into invasive surgery.
Finding Relief from Uterine Fibroids
With today’s advanced treatment options, including minimally invasive procedures like UFE, women have more choices than ever. At Vascular Tree in Cary, NC, our specialists help patients understand their imaging, explore treatment options, and choose the path that best fits their needs and goals.
If you’re ready to take the next step toward relief, schedule a consultation to learn more about uterine fibroid treatment options and whether UFE may be right for you.
